It was developed as a more scalable alternative to the Apache HTTP Server for Linux and MacOS. The JavaScript-based Node.js platform was introduced by Ryan Dahl in 2009. NPM, the Node Package Manager, is part of the standard Node.js installation, although it has its own website. Much of Node's utility comes from its large package library, which is accessible from the npm command. Node.js incorporates the Google Chrome V8 JavaScript engine, which supports ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) syntax without any need for an ES6-to-ES5 transpiler such as Babel. You can use any language that transpiles to JavaScript for example, TypeScript and CoffeeScript. Node applications aren't limited to pure JavaScript. Node's approach to scaling with callback functions requires less memory to handle more connections than most competitive architectures that scale with threads, including Apache HTTP Server, the various Java application servers, IIS and ASP.NET, and Ruby on Rails.
If necessary, it can spawn threads from a pool to execute blocking or CPU-intensive operations and to balance the load across CPU cores. The callback function can handle requests with non-blocking I/O calls. It runs a single-threaded event loop registered with the system to handle connections, and each new connection causes a JavaScript callback function to fire. Node.js is a cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that is useful for both servers and desktop applications. We'll conclude with notes to help you decide between using Node.js or Deno for your next development project. In this article, you’ll learn about Node.js and Deno, the differences between CommonJS and ECMAScript modules, using TypeScript with Deno, and faster deployments with Deno Deploy.
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